Junior science refresher

Junior science refresher

Junior science refresher Published this article page no  15 Failure of contraceptive methods can be stated as a reason for seeking abortion by married women only. What is Social Mobility?  It can be understood as the movement in personal circumstances either upwards or downwards of an individual in relation to those of their parents. o In absolute terms it is the ability of a child to experience a better life than their parents. o On the other hand relative social mobility is an assessment of the impact of socioeconomic background on an individuals outcomes in life.  It is much broader than just looking at income inequality. It can be measured in reference to a wide range of outcomes—such as health or educational achievement. o Health o Education (access quality and equity lifelong learning) o Technology o Work (opportunities wages conditions) o Protection and Institutions (social protection and inclusive institutions).  Key Findings o Denmark holds the first place followed by Norway Finland and Sweden. o India ranks 76th out of 82 economies. It ranks 41st in lifelong learning and 53rd in working conditions. o Five economies most to gain from boosting social mobility are China the United States India Japan and Germany. o It calls for a new financing model for social mobility Improving tax progressivity on personal income policies that address wealth concentration and broadly rebalancing the sources of taxation can support the social mobility agenda. o Increasing social mobility by 10 per cent would benefit social cohesion and boost the worlds economies by nearly 5 per cent by 2030.  MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY (AMENDMENT) BILL 2020 Why in News? Recently Cabinet has approved Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Bill 2020 for amending Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971. Salient features of proposed amendments  It proposes requirement for opinion of one registered medical practitioner (RMP) for termination of pregnancy up to 20 weeks of gestation and introducing the requirement of opinion of two medical practitioner for termination of pregnancy of 2024 weeks of gestation.  Enhancing the upper gestation limit from 20 to 24 weeks for special categories of women including survivors of rape victims of incest (Sexual relations between close relative) and other vulnerable women (like differentlyabled women Minors) etc Junior science refresher buy.

Junior science refresher

civil services chronicle

 civil services chronicle

civil services chronicle Published this article page no  22 However the petitioners have argued that such blanket restrictions violate the fundamental right and is unconstitutional.  Also restrictions of such a wide scale for a period spanning over three months can be invoked only by declaring an emergency under Article 352 of the Constitution. Such restrictions cannot be imposed through orders of District Magistrates under Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. o A declaration of emergency under Article 352 will be subjected to periodic review of the Parliament and that way possibilities of abuse could be checked. Supreme Courts observation On Internet shutdown  Freedom of speech and expression through the medium of internet is a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution.  The restrictions on internet have to follow the principles of proportionality under Article 19(2). o Doctrine of proportionality is a principle that is prominently used as a ground for judicial review in cases of administrative action. o The doctrine essentially signifies that the punishment should not be disproportionate to the offence committed or the nature and extent of the States interference with the exercise of a right must be proportionate to the goal it seeks to achieve.  Freedom of trade and commerce through internet is also a constitutionally protected right under Article 19(1)(g).  Suspension of internet for indefinite period not permissible. It can only be for a reasonable duration and periodic review should be done. Government should publish all orders of prohibition to enable affected persons to challenge the same. Section 144 CrPC  civil services chronicle buy.

civil services chronicle

world focus magazine subscription

world focus magazine subscription

world focus magazine subscription Published this article page no   121 Initiatives by NITI Aayog o NITI Aayogs Composite Water Management Index which ranks state includes water treatment capacity as parameter to enable effective water management. Case studies  Avadi Sewage Treatment Plant Tamil Nadu Police Housing Corporation has successfully constructed an offgrid sewage treatment plant that not only solved the problem of sewage disposal but also provided a pond of treated water for fishing vegetable cultivation and recharging of groundwater.  Sewagefed aquaculture system of Kolkata Farmers around Kolkata city in India developed a technique of using domestic sewage for fish culture and other agricultural purposes.  Zero liquid discharge in textile industry in Tirupur is first to opt for zero liquid discharge in a systematic manner eliminating the release of pollutants.  Singapores NEWater is reclaimed water purified using dualmembrane (via microfiltration and reverse osmosis) and ultraviolet technology can be used for potable and nonpotable purpose. About UNUINWEH  UNUINWEH acts as the UN Think Tank on Water and contributes to the resolution of the global water challenge through a unique programme of applied research and education.  It carries out its work in cooperation with other research institutions international organizations individual scholars and scientists throughout the world.  Its vision is to create a world free of water problems where sustainable human development and environmental health and security are assured for all. 54 o NITI Aayog under Urban Management Programme on Water Recycling and Reuse is working on capacity building for Urban Water Cycle Management for Sustainable and Resilient Water Infrastructure and Healthy Cities world focus magazine subscription buy. 

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mathematics today magazine

mathematics today magazine

mathematics today magazine Published this article page no  51 UNDER5 MORTALITY RATE (U5MR) HALVED FROM 2000 TO 2017  Findings were part of India StateLevel Disease Burden Initiative (ISDBI) and have first comprehensive estimates of districtlevel trends of child mortality in India from 2000. o ISDBI is collaboration between Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and experts 70 and stakeholders from about 100 institutions across India.  Key highlights o U5MR and neonatal mortality rate (NMR) have dropped substantially since 2000. However Inequality between districts on these indicators has increased. For e.g. U5MR ranges from 8 to 88 per 1000 live births in 723 districts. o U5MR has dropped by 49% since 2000.  68% of under5 deaths are attributable to child and maternal malnutrition.  Leading causes of under5 deaths lower respiratory infections preterm birth diarrhoeal diseases and birth asphyxia and trauma.  Highest number of under5 deaths in 2017 was in Uttar Pradesh followed by Bihar. o NMR dropped by 38% since 2000.  83% of neonatal deaths are attributable to low birth weight and shorter gestation. o Study mentioned issues that individual states face and suggested to have an areaspecific plan to reduce child deaths mathematics today magazine buy.

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pratiyogita kiran

pratiyogita kiran

pratiyogita kiran Published this article page no  08 ICJ is assisted by a Registry its administrative organ. Its official languages are English and French. The 15 judges of the Court are distributed in following regions 1. Three from Africa. 2. Two from Latin America and Caribbean. 3. Three from Asia. 4. Five from Western Europe and other states. 5. Two from Eastern Europe. Independence of judges Unlike other organs of international organizations the Court is not composed of representatives of governments. Members of the Court are independent judges whose first task before taking up their duties is to make a solemn declaration in open court that they will exercise their powers impartially and conscientiously.ICJ acts as a world court with two fold jurisdiction i.e. legal disputes between States submitted to it by them (contentious cases) and requests for advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by United Nations organs and specialized agencies (advisory proceedings).  Only States which are members of the United Nations and which have become parties to the Statute of the Court or which have accepted its jurisdiction under certain conditions are parties to contentious cases.  The judgment is final binding on the parties to a case and without appeal (at the most it may be subject to interpretation or upon the discovery of a new fact revision). The Genocide Convention The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention) is an instrument of international law that codified for the first time the crime of genocide. According to the Genocide Convention genocide is a crime that can take place both in time of war as well as in time of peace pratiyogita kiran buy.

pratiyogita kiran

pratiyogita kiran

pratiyogita kiran

pratiyogita kiran Published this article page no  07 Ukraine has filed an application before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) instituting proceedings against the Russian Federation concerning a dispute relating to the interpretation application and fulfilment of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (the Genocide Convention). Whats the issue? Ukraine has accused Russia of falsely claiming that acts of genocide have occurred in the Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts of Ukraine and of using that as a pretext to recognise the independence of these regions and of going to war against Ukraine. About ICJ  ICJ was established in 1945 by the United Nations charter and started working in April 1946.  It is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations situated at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands).  Unlike the six principal organs of the United Nations it is the only one not located in New York (USA).  It settles legal disputes between States and gives advisory opinions in accordance with international law on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies. Structure  The Court is composed of 15 judges who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. These organs vote simultaneously but separately.  In order to be elected a candidate must receive an absolute majority of the votes in both bodies.  In order to ensure a measure of continuity one third of the Court is elected every three years and Judges are eligible for reelection pratiyogita kiran buy. 

pratiyogita kiran

grihalakshmi magazine subscription

grihalakshmi magazine subscription

grihalakshmi magazine subscription Published this article page no  71 As per the Supreme Court mandated rules those left out of the draft NRC list had to mandatorily submit their biometrics during the hearings of claims (to include themselves in the NRC) and objections (to object to someone elses inclusion) process.  175  27 lakh people who were left out from the list published in 2018 submitted their biometric details and amongst these only 8 lakh people made it into the draft list published in 2019. However these 8 lakh people are struggling to get Aadhaar and concerned about benefits linked to it  Lack of clarity and inability to enjoy the full benefits emanating from Aadhar has caused significant mental pressure on individuals.  This situation has arisen primarily due to the lack of clarity over the NRC exercise since the government is withholding assigning Aadhar to these newly added individuals since the complete and final NRC list is yet to be published grihalakshmi magazine subscription buy.

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