Junior Science refresher Published this article page no 142 ○ Incorporate Integrity Pacts where possible and appoint more Independent External Monitors (first approved by CVC in 2016 for 132 procuring entities).Close coordination between CCI and Governments Departments PSUs to detect and deter unfair practices. Revamp and strictly enforce blacklisting rules for corrupt firms.Periodic awareness and training of procurement officials in all aspects of public procurement for capacity building at various governance levels. INTERNAL PARTY DEMOCRACY Why in News? Recent furore over factionalism in the ruling Congress in Punjab and the question regarding the leadership of the party at the nationallevel in recent months has made it important to understand the larger issues of innerparty democracy in political parties (PP) in the country. About Political Parties and Inner Party DemocracyA political party is an organised group of citizens who hold common views on governance and act as a political unit that seeks to obtain control of government with a view to further the agenda and policy they profess.Though the Constitution of India provides for cooperative societies which is a fundamental right under Article 19 (1)(c) but the Right to form political parties is not. Internal democracy in political parties refers to the level and methods of including party members in the decision making and deliberation within the party structure. Why Internal Party democracy becomes significant in Indian democratic system? India is one of the most vibrant and robust multiparty democracies in the world which has sustained despite all challenges for over seven decades now. However it needs Internal Party democracy to succeed and sustain its democracy Junior Science refresher buy.
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