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world focus magazine subscription Published this article page no  114 Indias status: o In India around 50 million people have been displaced due to development projects in over 50 years. o The tribals who comprise 8.08% of Indias population are estimated to be more than 40% of the displaced population. Dalits constitute 20% of displaced persons (DPs). o Study of 54 large dams done by the Indian Institute of Public Administration concluded that the average number of people displaced by a large dam is 44,182. Risks associated with Development-Induced Displacement Landlessness: Expropriation of land removes the main foundation upon which peoples productive systems and commercial activities are constructed. This is the principal form of de-capitalization and pauperization of displaced people, as they lose both natural and human-made capital. Joblessness: The risk of losing wage employment is very high both in urban and rural displacements for those employed in enterprises, services, or agriculture. Unemployment or underemployment among resettlers often endures long after physical relocation has been completed. Homelessness: Loss of shelter tends to be only temporary for many resettlers. But for some, homelessness or a worsening in their housing standards remains a lingering condition. Marginalization: Marginalization occurs when families lose economic power and spiral on a “downward mobility” path. Economic marginalization is often accompanied by social and psychological marginalization, expressed in a drop in social status, a feeling of injustice, and deepened vulnerability. Food Insecurity: Forced uprooting increases the risk that people will fall into temporary or chronic undernourishment, defined as calorie-protein intake levels below the minimum necessary for normal growth and work world focus magazine subscription buy.

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